Nvidia has used JUPITER at Germany’s Jülich Supercomputing Centre to simulate a 104-qubit quantum computer that can detect and correct errors while operating. Qubits are the basic units of quantum computers, and even small disturbances can cause them to make mistakes. Nvidia described the project as the largest full simulation of this type of system. It ran entirely on conventional computers rather than a quantum processor.
The researchers tested magic state cultivation, a method for preparing special quantum states needed for certain calculations. Preparing these states can require many additional qubits. According to Nvidia, the method it tested uses 90% fewer qubits than earlier approaches. Unlike an ideal simulation, this test included the effects of noise—the disturbances that affect real quantum hardware.
The team used 8,192 graphics processing units, or GPUs, on JUPITER. Nvidia first developed and tested its methods on a smaller system at its own quantum research center. The company said this preparation reduced the work from weeks to days. Such simulations could help researchers assess designs before building physical machines. The project follows a November 2025 simulation at JUPITER that modeled 50 qubits under ideal conditions without noise.
