Researchers have studied the remains of a Neanderthal called Shanidar A from Shanidar Cave in Iraq. This individual lived about 75,000 years ago and died at approximately 45. The findings, published in Scientific Reports, suggest both a violent death and care earlier in life.
A round hole about 0.6 inches wide passes through the left shoulder blade. Its shape and the broken bone around it suggest that a wooden spear probably caused the injury. Researchers found no signs of healing, indicating that the wound occurred around the time of death. They think the spear passed through the chest and likely killed Shanidar A. However, they cannot establish whether this was a deliberate attack or a hunting accident.
A badly broken front tooth tells another part of the story. Shanidar A survived for at least a year after a serious facial injury. Researchers think eating and communicating would have been difficult, making support from others likely. The body's placement near other Neanderthal remains also suggests care after death, adding to evidence of intentional burial at the cave.
