NASA’s SPEARS project is developing solid-state batteries that could power tools, rovers, scientific instruments, and astronauts’ emergency equipment during future Artemis missions. Near the Moon’s South Pole, nighttime temperatures can reach minus 328 degrees Fahrenheit. Conventional lithium-ion batteries rely on liquid electrolytes, which can freeze in severe cold and potentially damage the cells. SPEARS replaces those liquids with ceramic- or polymer-based solid electrolytes, aiming to improve resilience and reduce fire hazards.
Recent thermal vacuum testing at NASA’s Langley Research Center in Virginia showed that prototype cells survived exposure to temperatures ranging from minus 274 to 212 degrees Fahrenheit without damage. Their operating range was narrower: they performed well between minus 76 and 176 degrees Fahrenheit and continued operating at minus 112 degrees, although with reduced performance. Crucially, the cells cannot supply power at the lowest survival temperature. Small heaters would bring them back to an operating temperature when needed, rather than maintaining warmth continuously. That approach could reduce reliance on heavy thermal management systems.
The batteries remain small laboratory prototypes and have not yet been demonstrated in space; further development and testing are required before operational use. Launched in 2026, SPEARS is led by NASA’s Glenn Research Center in Ohio, while Ames Research Center in California is developing electronics for future spaceflight testing. Researchers can also adjust electrode materials to tailor energy capacity, power output, and durability. Potential applications on Earth include vehicles, drones, and portable electronic devices.
