Samarkand, a historic Silk Road city in Uzbekistan, is facing the challenge of growing while protecting its identity. Its historic area is a UNESCO World Heritage site, but it is also a place where people live, study and work. Old neighbourhoods stand alongside newer districts.
According to the head of the city’s tourism and cultural heritage university, Samarkand welcomed around seven million visitors in 2025. Over 10 million arrived during January–September 2026, with the city forecasting roughly 14 million visitors for the full year. The university is preparing a centre to monitor tourism’s effects on employment, the urban environment and daily life.
Researchers are also addressing problems linked to restoration work carried out in the 1990s. Some materials used then can damage historic buildings, so experts are investigating safer alternatives. Laser scanning produces three-dimensional models that help researchers identify dangerous changes in buildings’ shape.
Meanwhile, more than 1,100 apartment buildings have been built in Samarkand Region over eight years. UN-Habitat and the national government are developing a housing study to guide improvements. A UN-Habitat specialist recommends upgrading existing homes and services while directing new development outside the historic centre. She also stresses that residents should participate in decisions about their neighbourhoods.
