A study of alcohol and health among Americans suggests that drinking amounts often considered moderate can carry serious risks. These include cancer, heart disease and premature death. The researchers found that risks increased as alcohol consumption rose.
People consuming an average of 14 alcoholic drinks weekly, or two a day, faced an estimated one-in-25 lifetime risk of dying from alcohol-related causes. Up to seven weekly drinks was associated with small risk increases for most conditions. Risks became more pronounced above one daily drink for both men and women.
Although low consumption may reduce the risk of certain heart problems and strokes, these possible advantages did not outweigh the risks from cancer and other diseases, even at seven drinks weekly. The researchers found no significant overall health benefit at any drinking level.
The team examined more than 7,200 scientific publications and combined the evidence with large national health datasets to estimate risks. These estimates apply to populations rather than predicting an individual's future. Lifestyle, inherited characteristics and drinking patterns can affect personal risk.
The US government commissioned the research to help develop updated dietary guidance. Current recommendations advise people to limit alcohol without setting a specific amount, whereas earlier guidance allowed no more than two daily drinks for men and one for women. The findings suggest that drinking less generally reduces alcohol-related harm.
